Java Edition:Incorrect Instrument Note Block
Note blocks determine their instrument type based on the blocks below them. There have been several changes that allow for note blocks to play the wrong instrument.
Obtaining
Bone Block Bass Drum Instrument
Due to a bug[1] in 17w47a and 17w47b (1.13), note blocks on bone blocks would have the instrument set to bass drum, instead of xylophone. It should be noted that both of these snapshots can be disruptive to your world.
Incorrect 1.14 Instruments
Snapshot 19w09a (1.14) introduced 6 new note block instruments, iron xylophone, cow bell, didgeridoo, bit, banjo, and pling (pling already existed in game, but was previously inaccessible). These instruments result from placing note blocks on iron blocks, soul sand, pumpkins, blocks of emerald, hay bales, and glowstone, respectively. Any note blocks placed on these blocks prior to 19w09a would play the incorrect instrument, however, updating directly from earlier than 17w47a would not maintain the incorrect instrument, due to the change of note blocks from block entities[test]. Note blocks on iron blocks, pumpkins, blocks of emerald and hay bales would all have the instrument set to harp, soul sand would have the instrument set to snare drum, and glowstone would have the instrument set to clicks and sticks.
Nether Wood Harp Instrument
From the time the nether wood types were introduced, 20w06a (1.16), through 20w12a, note blocks placed on either crimson or warped planks would have the instrument set to harp. This was changed in 20w13a to instead play the bass instrument.
23w13a_or_b Less_Interaction_Updates Vote Rule
In 23w13a_or_b, enabling the less_interaction_updates vote rule will stop most block updates from occurring, including changing the name of a note block. Using this method you can create any and every type of incorrect instrument note blocks.
Behavior
All incorrect instrument note blocks can be powered, played, and tuned in later versions without causing their instrument to update.